Vacuum Forming Materials: PETG vs HIPS vs ABS vs PC

The best vacuum forming material depends on what matters most for your part: PETG for clear, tough parts; HIPS for low-cost rigid housings and trays; ABS for impact-resistant enclosures; and polycarbonate (PC) for high-heat, high-impact covers. Choosing the right thermoplastic sheet controls your part's clarity, strength, temperature resistance, finish, and cost — so it is worth getting right before you tool a mold (mould).

This guide compares the most common vacuum forming (vacuum moulding) materials and shows how to choose. To see how the process forms these sheets over a mold, read our vacuum forming guide, or get parts made with our custom vacuum forming services.

Vacuum forming materials compared

PETG

PETG (glycol-modified PET) is the most popular all-round vacuum forming material. It is optically clear, impact-resistant, food-safe, and forms easily with crisp detail and minimal pre-drying. PETG is the default choice for transparent covers, retail trays, machine guards, and medical packaging where you need clarity and toughness without the cost of polycarbonate.

HIPS

High-impact polystyrene (HIPS) is the lowest-cost thermoforming sheet and forms very easily, which makes it the go-to for opaque housings, internal trays, packaging, and prototype mockups. It paints and bonds well, but it has lower heat and chemical resistance, so it suits indoor, non-structural parts. For early prototypes, HIPS keeps tooling and material costs down.

ABS

ABS is prized for its impact strength and durability, making it ideal for equipment enclosures, automotive interior trim, and rugged covers. It has better heat resistance than HIPS, paints and textures well, and holds up to repeated handling. ABS is a strong choice when the part must survive drops, vibration, or daily use.

Polycarbonate (PC)

Polycarbonate offers the highest impact resistance and heat resistance of common thermoforming plastics, while staying optically clear. It is the right material for safety guards, light covers, face shields, and high-temperature parts. PC costs more and needs careful drying and higher forming temperatures, but nothing else combines its clarity with its strength.

HDPE, PP and PMMA

HDPE and polypropylene (PP) are flexible, chemical-resistant, and inexpensive — good for trays, liners, and outdoor or chemical-contact parts, though they can be harder to form and bond. PMMA (acrylic) gives the best optical clarity and UV stability for displays, lenses, and signage, but it is brittle and less impact-resistant than PETG or PC.

How to choose a vacuum forming material

• Need a clear part? Choose PETG (tough) or PC (toughest, heat-resistant); PMMA for the best optics if impact is not a concern.
• Need the lowest cost? Choose HIPS for opaque parts and prototypes.
• Need impact resistance? Choose ABS, or PC for the most demanding parts.
• Need heat resistance? Choose PC, then ABS.
• Need chemical resistance or flexibility? Choose HDPE or PP.

Sheet thickness also matters: most vacuum formed parts use 0.5–6 mm sheet. Thicker sheet is stronger but needs more heat and a stronger vacuum, and deep parts thin out at the corners — something to plan for in mold design. If you are weighing vacuum forming against molding, see our comparison of overmolding and consider urethane vacuum casting for production-like plastic parts.

Conclusion

There is no single best vacuum forming material — match the sheet to your priorities for clarity, impact, heat, chemical resistance, and budget. PETG is the safe all-round pick, HIPS wins on cost, ABS on durability, and PC on strength and heat. Not sure which to use? Send us your CAD and requirements and we will recommend a material in a free DFM review.

Frequently asked questions